PENERAPAN MEDIA TUTORIAL BERBASIS WEB TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS X DI SMAN 1 SUNGGUMINASA(BAB III)

CHAPTER III

METHODS

A. Type and Design Research

1. Types of Research

Based on the title and problems, on top of the kind of research is a pre-experimental.

2. Research Design

This research is pre-experimental research designs (nondesigns) by using a research design that is One-group pretest-posttest design. In this design there is a pretest, before being treated. Thus the results of treatment can be determined more accurately, it can compare with kedaan before being treated. This design can be described as follows:

O1 X O2

Sugiyono (2013: 110)

Specification:

X = Treatment in the form of web-based media

O1 = Value pretest (prior to treatment)

O2 = Value posttest (after treatment)

B. Variable Research

The variables examined in this study is the independent variable and the dependent variable. The independent variable is a web-based tutorial media while the dependent variable is the result of learning physics.

C. Subjects Research

Subjects in this study were students of class X MIA 12 SMA 1 Sungguminasa 2014/2015 school year, amounting to 45 learners.

D. Definition of Operational Variables

             Media is a web-based tutorial teaching and learning system where a teacher featuring video tutorials that cover topics taught and then students can access the video on the website of E-learning, wherever and whenever.

Physics learning outcomes in this study is the score obtained by learners through tests of student learning. These capabilities include memory, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation as measured using the test results to learn physics.

E. Data Collection Procedures

To achieve the research objectives that have been set, the procedure should be developed systematically.

1. Preparation

That initial phase in starting an activity before researchers conduct research directly into the field to collect data, such as drafting a thesis, has obtained a permit to conduct research and prepare tools and materials to be used in research.

2. Phase preparation

At this stage of the research timetable, prepare everything related to the conduct of research, among others, to prepare and understand the learning from, RPP, questionnaires, and questions for the pretest and posttest.

F. Research Instrument

The research instrument used in this study is in the form of test results to learn physics.

Test results made by researchers studying physics in the form of multiple choice with five alternative answers, where one of the four answer choices is the key answer, while other options are incorrect answer or detractors consisting of 40 items about the cognitive aspects with indicators include C1, C2, C3, C4 hereinafter in ujicobakan to see the validity and reliability. Scoring the test instrument is a score one for each correct answer and zero for wrong answers.

The test instrument "physics achievement test" conducted by the number of respondents who numbered approximately 44orang.

a. validity

Having tested the next instrument in the analysis to determine the validity of using biserial correlation.

       

with:

gpbi = correlation coefficient biseral

  Mp = The mean scores of subjects who responded well to the validity searched items.

       Mt = Average total score

             St = standard deviation of the total score

              p = proportion of students who answered correctly

             q = The proportion of students who answered incorrectly (q = 1 - p)

          Whether or not valid i-th item is shown by comparing the value of (i) the value of rtabel at significance level a = 0.05 with the following criteria:

If: Value (i) ≥ rtabel, the item is valid

Value (i) & lt; rtabel, items declared invalid

b. reliability

The number of valid items calculation of the reliability test is then performed using the formula Kuder Richardson - 20 (KR-20) as follows:

          

with:

R11 = overall test reliability

p = proportion of subjects who answered the item correctly

q = proportion of subjects who answered the item one (q = 1 - p)

     = Number of the multiplication of p and q

      n = Number of items

  S = standard deviation of the test (the root of variance)

G. Data Collection Techniques

Data collection techniques used in this research is to use the test results of learning in the form of multiple choice questions that have been tested to determine the validity and reliability before it is used as an instrument problem. This instrument in the form of pretest and posttest, pretest is given to students at the beginning of the meeting and posttest was given at the last meeting.

H. Data Analysis Techniques

Management of research data using two statistical techniques, namely the descriptive statistics and test Gain.

1. Descriptive statistical analysis

Descriptive statistical analysis is intended to present or express meteri student learning outcomes in optical devices. The study results appear in the form of an average score, highest score, lowest score and standard deviation.

The mean score and standard deviation of the total obtained by students in learning physics test results in this study were calculated using a calculator fx-82MS. Moreover, it can also be calculated using the following formula:

The average total score, with the formula:

The standard deviation, with the formula:

2. Test Gain

The calculation of the gain index aims to determine the increase in the pretest and posttest. In this study, the index gain will be used when the average value of posttes before and after different treatment. Gain index formula (d) according to Meltzer is as follows:

Tabel 3.1 Kriteria interpertasi indeks gain yang dikemukakan oleh Hake

Besarnya “d” Gain	Interpretasi
g   0,70 0,70 g < 0,30	Indeks gain tinggi Indeks gain sedang Indeks gain rendah

(M.Arief Fauzan Bukhori, 2013)

Keterangan :

O₁          = hasil pengukuran pretest

O₂        = hasil pengukuran posttest